![]() ![]() Activities that can reduce the effects of the condition include appropriate exercises to keep the blood and lymph flowing through the affected areas. comparison with extracellular fluid In extracellular fluid It differs from intracellular fluid (fluid within the cells) in that it generally has a high concentration of sodium and low concentration of potassium, while intracellular fluid is high in potassium and low in sodium. Isotope-dilution techniques are briefly discussed and representative normal values for the various compartments according to. Therapy for edema usually focuses on elimination of the cause. The following body fluid compartments are described: total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), intracellular fluid (ICF), transcellular fluid TCF), plasma volume, red cell volume and interstitial fluid volume. Underlying medical conditions that can contribute to edema include congestive heart failure, kidney damage and kidney disease, disorders that affect the veins of the legs, and cirrhosis and other liver disorders. ![]() Medications that can result in edema include vasodilators, calcium channel blockers used to treat hypertension, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen therapies, and some diabetes medications. Body water is divided into two compartments (i.e., intracellular fluid ICF and extracellular fluid ECF), which are in osmotic equilibrium. As described in Chapter 2, water constitutes approximately 60 of the healthy adult human body. Otherwise, the venous blood pools in the lower limbs and can leak into surrounding tissues. CONTROL OF BODY FLUID OSMOLALITY: URINE CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION. This is because deep veins in the lower limbs rely on skeletal muscle contractions to push on the veins and thus “pump” blood back to the heart. Mild, transient edema of the feet and legs may be caused by sitting or standing in the same position for long periods of time, as in the work of a toll collector or a supermarket cashier. An allergic reaction can cause capillaries in the hand to leak excess fluid that accumulates in the tissues. ![]()
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